DOUBLE CIRCULATION 

Learning outcomes

• Understand that double circulation ensures highly efficient oxygen delivery by separating blood flow to the lungs and the rest of the body.
• Recognize that a healthy lifestyle, including diet and exercise, is crucial for maintaining heart function and preventing disease.
• Comprehend that atherosclerosis involves plaque buildup in arteries, and coronary thrombosis is a specific blood clot in heart arteries, both leading to blocked blood flow.
• Know that blocked arteries can result in severe events like a heart attack (due to coronary thrombosis) or a stroke (interrupted brain blood supply).
•  Appreciate that proactive healthy habits are powerful tools for preventing major cardiovascular diseases.

DEFENITION

    Double circulation is an highly efficient and vital circulatory system predominantly found in mammals and birds, including humans, characterized by the blood passing through the heart twice in one complete circuit of the body.

PATHWAY

    

Pulmonary Circulation (Heart to Lungs and back)

• Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right side of the heart (right atrium, then right ventricle).
• The right ventricle pumps this deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
• In the lungs, blood releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.
• Oxygenated blood then returns from the lungs to the left side of the heart (left atrium) via the pulmonary veins.

Systemic Circulation (Heart to Body and back)

• Oxygenated blood from the left atrium moves into the left ventricle.
• The left ventricle (the strongest chamber) pumps this oxygenated blood with high pressure to the rest of the body (except the lungs) via the aorta and its branches.
• In the body tissues, blood delivers oxygen and nutrients and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products.
• Deoxygenated blood then returns from the body to the right side of the heart (right atrium) via the vena cava.
  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

HEALTH OF HEART

    Maintaining a healthy heart is crucial for overall well-being and a long, active life. Your heart is a vital organ, tirelessly pumping blood throughout your body, delivering oxygen and nutrients, and removing waste. 

Causes

Preventive Measures

    Taking proactive steps to safeguard your heart health, especially from a young age, is essential for a vibrant and active life. These preventive measures act as a shield, significantly reducing the risk of heart-related issues later on.

Diseases

Atherosclerosis

    Atherosclerosis is a serious condition where sticky deposits, called plaque, build up on the inside walls of your arteries, which are the vital blood vessels carrying oxygen-rich blood away from your heart.

    Reduced blood flow can starve organs like your heart and brain of essential oxygen and nutrients. If a piece of this plaque breaks off or if the artery becomes completely blocked, it can lead to dangerous medical emergencies such as a heart attack or a stroke.

Stroke

    A stroke is a "brain attack" that happens when blood flow to part of your brain stops, causing brain cells to die. This can be due to a blocked blood vessel (ischemic stroke) or a burst blood vessel causing bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke).

Coronary Thrombosis

    Coronary thrombosis happens when a blood clot forms inside the coronary arteries, which are the specific blood vessels that feed your heart muscle with oxygen-rich blood. This clot often forms where there's already "gunk" (plaque) built up from atherosclerosis.

     If this clot completely blocks the artery, it suddenly cuts off blood flow to a part of your heart, causing a heart attack.

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LET ASSESS

1. Which type of circulation involves blood flowing from the heart to the lungs and back? a) Systemic circulation b) Double circulation c) Pulmonary circulation d) Single circulation
2. What is the primary benefit of "double circulation" in humans? a) It makes the heart pump faster. b) It allows oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix. c) It ensures efficient separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood for maximum delivery. d) It only delivers blood to the upper body.
3. Name three lifestyle choices that are beneficial for maintaining a healthy heart
4. What is the sticky substance that builds up inside arteries in a condition called atherosclerosis?
5. Which specific arteries supply blood to the heart muscle itself?
6. What is the main event that causes a heart attack, often related to a blood clot forming in the heart's arteries?